Ethiopian Highlands, Mountain range in northeastern Ethiopia.
The Ethiopian Highlands form a vast elevated plateau in the northeastern part of the country, built from layers of volcanic rock and cut by deep gorges. The landscape shifts between grassy slopes, rocky summits and wide valleys where rivers flow through farmland.
These mountains formed the heartland of early kingdoms and remained the center of political power in East Africa for centuries. Monasteries and fortresses appeared on summits and in valleys from medieval times onward.
Farmers use wooden ploughs pulled by oxen to work the fields, following methods passed down through many generations. Round thatched huts stand near terraced plots where teff and barley grow at high altitude.
The months from October through March offer clear skies and dry weather, making it easier to walk trails and explore the terrain. Warm clothing is necessary as temperatures drop sharply after sunset.
Gelada baboons live here in large groups on grasslands and steep cliff faces, while Ethiopian wolves hunt in the highest zones. The animals use the cliffs as shelter from predators and spend the day grazing on open slopes.
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