Church of the Nativity

The Church of the Nativity is a minor basilica in Bethlehem, Palestine, built over a grotto believed to be where Jesus was born. The main altar stands directly above the grotto, and below it a silver star marks the traditional birthplace, surrounded by marble panels and a low vaulted chamber.

Emperor Constantine I and his mother Helena commissioned the first church at this site in 339 CE, which was later replaced after a fire during a Samaritan revolt. Emperor Justinian rebuilt the current basilica in the 6th century, preserving parts of the original walls and mosaic floors.

Three Christian denominations share responsibility for different areas of the complex: Greek Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Armenian Apostolic. Visitors notice this arrangement in the distinct liturgical objects, icons, and design elements that belong to each tradition and coexist peacefully side by side.

The entrance passes through a low doorway called the Door of Humility, which requires all visitors to bend down when entering. The grotto beneath the altar lies on a lower level and is reached by a narrow stone staircase, which may involve waiting during busy periods.

The silver star in the grotto bears a Latin inscription stating "Here Jesus Christ was born to the Virgin Mary" and is surrounded by 15 silver lamps donated by the different denominations. Beneath the floor of the church lie remnants of early Christian mosaics from the 4th century, uncovered during excavations and now partially visible.

Location: Bethlehem

Inception: 327

Founders: Constantine the Great, Helena Augusta

Architectural style: Early Christian architecture, Romanesque architecture

Accessibility: Wheelchair limited access

Made from material: rock

Part of: Birthplace of Jesus: Church of the Nativity and the Pilgrimage Route, Bethlehem

Website: https://custodia.org/it/santuari/betlemme

GPS coordinates: 31.70431,35.20758

Latest update: December 4, 2025 19:01