Castle Rock

Castle Rock is a volcanic summit in central Edinburgh that rises dramatically above the surrounding terrain with steep rock faces on most sides. The eastern slope is the only practical approach to the top, while the other three sides drop away as near-vertical cliffs.

The rock formed around 350 million years ago through volcanic action that created a hard basalt core within softer surrounding stone. A fortress has occupied the summit since the 11th century, making it a key site in Scotland's military and royal story.

The castle perched on this rock has been central to Edinburgh's identity for centuries and draws visitors who feel connected to Scotland's past. The steep natural cliffs around it have made this a place where people sense the weight of history in the landscape itself.

Access to the summit comes via the eastern slope, as the other three sides are impassable due to the vertical cliffs. Visitors should expect stairs and a sloping route, especially when exploring the plateau at the top.

The hard basalt underlying the fortress made it nearly impossible to find reliable groundwater, so workers dug a well plunging 28 meters deep into the rock. This hidden water source became essential for the castle's survival during times of siege.

Location: City of Edinburgh

Elevation above the sea: 130 m

GPS coordinates: 55.94817,-3.19967

Latest update: December 7, 2025 10:01