Ilhas Queimada Pequena e Queimada Grande Area of Relevant Ecological Interest, Protected nature reserve in São Paulo state, Brazil

The Ilhas Queimada Pequena e Queimada Grande Area of Relevant Ecological Interest covers two Atlantic islands in Itanhaém, São Paulo: Queimada Pequena at 10 hectares and Queimada Grande at 23 hectares, 33 hectares in all. The main island, about 8 kilometres offshore, has dense shrub vegetation, no beach and no drinking water, and a navigation lighthouse. Two wrecked ships lie on its west side.

The reserve was created by federal decree 91.887 on 5 November 1985 and is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio). Its consultative council was established on 15 May 2012. The main island was cut off from the mainland by rising sea levels about 9,000 years ago, and the loss of rodents led the golden lancehead to feed on migratory birds.

The main island is also called Ilha das Cobras for its many golden lanceheads, a venomous pit viper; landing is not advised. The snakes separated from mainland relatives about 9,000 years ago, when rising seas cut the island off and rodents disappeared, so they turned to migratory birds such as the white-crested elaenia and yellow-legged thrush.

Access requires special permission from the Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade that manages the protected area. Visitors should contact the managing authority in advance to understand entry requirements.

The main island is also called Ilha das Cobras for its many golden lanceheads, a venomous pit viper, so landing is not advised. Cut off from the mainland by rising seas about 9,000 years ago, the island lost its rodents, and the snake came to feed on migratory birds such as the white-crested elaenia and yellow-legged thrush.