Floresta Nacional de Ipanema, National forest in Iperó, São Paulo, Brazil

Floresta Nacional de Ipanema is a protected forest reserve in the Atlantic Forest region with walking trails through dense vegetation and mineral-rich soils. The area is used for research programs and offers visitors a look at the natural diversity of this forest type.

The area became known from 1589 when Afonso Sardinha established two iron forges here, marking the first iron manufacturing attempt in the Americas. This early industry shaped the place's history and marks an important moment in colonial Brazil's development.

The forest holds the Real Fábrica de Ferro São João de Ipanema, an ironworks founded by D. João VI in 1810, whose buildings and remains stand near the Vila de São João de Ipanema. The site also hosts ACADEBio, ICMBio's National Biodiversity Academy, used for training and research. The Trilha das Cigarras and the historical trail pass these structures.

A visitor center offers information about walks, trail guides, and timing for activities on site. It is advisable to check ahead about trail conditions and bring appropriate gear.

The ironworks founded here in 1810 by D. João VI was recognised by the World Association of Steel Producers as the first attempt at iron manufacturing on American soil, following the two forges built by Afonso Sardinha and his son in 1589. Visitors can still see remains of the Real Fábrica de Ferro São João de Ipanema among the forest.