Table Mountain, Flat-topped mountain in Cape Town, South Africa
Table Mountain is a flat-topped mountain of layered grey and brown sandstone rising in overlapping ridges above Cape Town. Its level plateau, about three kilometres from side to side, is edged by sheer, blocky cliffs on the north face, split by Platteklip Gorge. The highest point, Maclear's Beacon at 1,086 metres, stands near the eastern end.
The first recorded European ascent occurred in 1503, establishing the mountain as an important landmark for sailors. For centuries afterward, it served as a natural navigation marker for ships traveling along the coast.
The Khoekhoe name Huriǂoaxa means "sea-emerging", and the mountain was part of the land of Khoe-speaking clans such as the !Uriǁʼaes, the "High Clan". The flat top is often capped by orographic cloud, the "table cloth", which legend explains as a smoking contest between the Devil and the pirate Van Hunks.
A cable car system whisks visitors to the summit quickly, though it operates only in favorable weather conditions. For those preferring hiking, multiple routes exist with varying levels of difficulty and take considerably more time.
Table Mountain is a syncline mountain: its flat top was once the floor of a valley, and the rock layers of the summit arch downward. The upper cliffs are Peninsula Formation quartzitic sandstone, while the maroon Graafwater mudstones beneath them show best just above the contour path on the front of the mountain.
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