Gorongosa National Park, National park in Sofala Province, Mozambique.

Gorongosa National Park is a protected reserve in Sofala Province, Mozambique, at the southern end of the Great Rift Valley. The area includes floodplains, grasslands, and forested hills that stretch along rivers which overflow during the rainy season.

The Mozambique Company set aside 1,000 km² as a hunting reserve in 1920, enlarged to 3,200 km² in 1935 for nyala and black rhino; the Portuguese government declared it a national park in 1960. Chitengo camp was expanded between 1963 and 1965 to lodge 100 overnight guests. The park was abandoned in 1983 during the civil war, and in 2004 the government and the Carr Foundation agreed to rebuild it.

The park takes its name from Mount Gorongosa, the 1,863 m massif whose rivers water the valley. The reserve began in 1920 as a hunting ground for the Mozambique Company, which controlled central Mozambique from 1891 to 1940. Near the Mussicadzi River, a tourist camp abandoned after floods in 1942 was occupied by lions and long known as Casa dos Leões (Lion House).

Visitors can explore the area with professional guides on foot or by vehicle, best during the dry months from May to October. The reserve offers accommodations in different categories and camping options in selected zones.

During the civil war both sides slaughtered hundreds of elephants for ivory to buy arms, and about half of Gorongosa's elephants evolved to be tuskless. Aerial surveys in 1976, the year after independence, recorded the largest lion population ever counted in the greater Gorongosa region.