Mozambique

The country spans 2,500 kilometers (1,550 miles) along the Indian Ocean coastline, encompassing diverse landscapes from savannas and mountain ranges to extensive river systems. The Zambezi River flows through the territory, shaping geographic patterns and supporting varied ecosystems. Coastal areas feature mangrove forests and coral reefs, while inland regions contain plateaus and agricultural zones stretching across multiple climate types.

Arab traders established coastal settlements during medieval times for gold and ivory commerce. Portugal colonized the territory beginning in the 16th century and maintained control until independence in 1975. A civil war from 1977 to 1992 caused extensive economic and social devastation before peace agreements initiated a period of reconstruction and gradual stabilization that continues through present development efforts.

More than 40 ethnic groups shape daily life, with traditional music, dance and craftsmanship playing central roles in community gatherings and celebrations. Portuguese colonial influence blends with African traditions in architecture, cuisine and religious practices. The nation has developed a distinct artistic identity through Makonde wood carvings, contemporary painting and literary works addressing national identity and social change.

The national currency is the metical, though US dollars are widely accepted in tourist areas. The dry season from May to October offers more comfortable travel conditions for coastal regions and national parks. Visas can be obtained on arrival at international airports for many nationalities. Agriculture employs around 83 percent of the workforce, which shapes rural economic patterns and infrastructure development priorities across provinces.

The Cahora Bassa Dam on the Zambezi ranks among Africa's largest hydroelectric facilities and generates substantial power for regional consumption. The installation supplies electricity to domestic grids and neighboring countries. The reservoir behind the dam wall extends 270 kilometers (168 miles) and has altered local ecosystems and settlement patterns since its completion in the mid-1970s.

Inception: June 25, 1975

Capital city: Maputo

Part of: East Africa, Portuguese-speaking African countries

Shares border with: Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Eswatini, South Africa, Comoros

Website: http://portaldogoverno.gov.mz

GPS coordinates: -19.30223,34.91450

Latest update: November 30, 2025 18:38