First fortifications of Brussels, Medieval defensive walls in Pentagon district, Belgium.
The first fortifications of Brussels were built with stone walls reinforced by square pillars and arches spread across several kilometers. Remaining sections of this defensive structure can still be traced through the Pentagon district in central Brussels, where streets follow the original layout.
These defensive walls were built in the early 13th century to protect Brussels and stood for many generations until the mid-14th century. By then the city had grown so much that larger fortifications became necessary to defend its expanding population and commerce.
The Black Tower stands as a preserved remnant that shifted from military use to a tavern serving dock workers and other locals. This transformation shows how the city repurposed defensive structures into gathering places for ordinary people.
The easiest way to explore these remains is by walking through the Pentagon district and following the streets that still trace the original defensive layout. You can move through the city center on foot and observe how the medieval structure shaped the modern street pattern.
The pentagonal shape created by these medieval walls still defines the city center today and is visible in how modern streets are arranged. This geometric legacy of medieval defense continues to shape how visitors and locals navigate central Brussels.
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