Burg Meiningen, Medieval castle in Meiningen, Germany

Burg Meiningen is a castle ruin located on elevated ground with defensive walls and towers from the medieval period. The structure reflects the defensive architecture typical of the Thuringia region, with building styles spanning from Gothic to Baroque forms.

The castle's origins are unknown but likely predate 1000, when it protected a Werra ford; in 2012 wooden pile foundations from that era were found nearby. In 1008 the bishops of Würzburg rebuilt it as a moated castle. On 10 August 1432 Meiningen citizens destroyed it, and Lorenz von Bibra had it rebuilt in Renaissance style from 1509 to 1511. Duke Bernhard I had it demolished in 1682 to build Elisabethenburg Palace.

The name "Altes Schloss" (Old Castle) marks the surviving main building of the medieval castle, kept as the north wing of Schloss Elisabethenburg after 1682. The wing is called "Bibrabau" after Bishop Lorenz von Bibra, who had the castle rebuilt in Renaissance style from 1509 to 1511; Otto Hoppe gave it its present form in 1859–1861. The building now houses the Meiningen city archive and state archive.

The former castle site lies at the northwestern edge of Meiningen's old town, on the right bank of the Werra at a former ford. The surviving main building, the Palas, is now the north wing of Schloss Elisabethenburg and houses the Meiningen city archive and state archive. The moat was fed by the Werra and the southern entrance was secured by a drawbridge.

The castle's moat was fed directly by the Werra river, and the only entrance lay to the south behind a drawbridge. In 2012, construction work near today's palace uncovered wooden pile foundations from before the year 1000, evidence of the earliest fortification on this ford site.