Oranienbaumer Heide, Nature reserve near Dessau-Roßlau, Germany

Oranienbaumer Heide is a protected nature reserve in Saxony-Anhalt featuring mixed forests, floodplain woodlands, and dry grasslands spread across several municipalities. The area contains varied habitats where plants and animals thrive in different environments and soil types.

The area was first protected on 16 October 1998 as the Mittlere Oranienbaumer Heide nature reserve. A new designation, dated 23 May 2014 and in force from 28 June 2014, replaced it with the larger Oranienbaumer Heide reserve of about 2683 hectares. From 1945 to 1992 the central part served the Soviet army as a training ground, shaping today's open heath.

The reserve takes its name from the nearby town of Oranienbaum and draws visitors interested in learning about local ecosystems and conservation practices. Walking paths through the area reveal how different habitats support wildlife and how people manage the landscape.

The reserve lies southeast of Dessau between Mildensee, Oranienbaum, Jüdenberg and Möhlau, in the transition from the Elbe valley to the Dübener Heide. Most of it sits inside the Mittelelbe Biosphere Reserve, and 2,134 hectares belong to the National Natural Heritage managed by DBU Naturerbe. The Sollnitzbach flows along or through the southwestern edge, where alder and ash floodplain woods stand.

The central part of the reserve served the Soviet army as a military training ground from 1945 to 1992; tracks and open sandy areas from that use still shape the heath today. Around 478 hectares are now set aside as a total reserve where natural development proceeds without intervention.