Palmanova, Star-shaped fortress town in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy
Palmanova is a commune in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of northeastern Italy and appears on the tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage status. The layout forms a nine-pointed star with three large entrance gates made of Istrian stone, positioned symmetrically along the main axes.
The Venetian Republic founded the fortress in 1593 to secure its eastern borders against threats from the Ottoman Empire. French troops later took control during the Napoleonic Wars and expanded some of the military structures.
The name derives from the Venetian word for palm tree and reflects the original intention to create a new strategic stronghold. Visitors today notice mainly the open character of the central square, where cafés and local shops shape everyday life for residents.
Drivers reach the site via the A23 and A4 motorways, while train connections between Udine and Cervignano stop here regularly. The star shape is best appreciated from the ground by walking from the center toward the outer fortifications.
At the three entrance gates, remnants of the original drawbridges are still visible, which once controlled the only access to the town. The fortification walls today form walking paths from which you can overlook the complete layout.
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