Vulcano, Volcanic island of Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy
Vulcano is a volcanic island in the Tyrrhenian Sea north of Sicily, part of the Aeolian archipelago with an active fumarole system. The main crater Gran Cratere sits on a summit with rising sulfur gas and steam clouds above barren slopes of pumice and lava.
Eruptions in the late 19th century shaped the modern cone and led to partial depopulation of the island due to ongoing volcanic hazards. The island has experienced several eruptive phases since Greek colonial times, forming the landscape with layers of ash and solidified lava.
The crater's shape maintains daily life in the community, where residents have practiced fishing and farming for generations, adapting to the volcanic surroundings. Local traditions include using thermal waters for healing purposes, a practice woven into island life since ancient times.
Hiking routes to the crater begin near the port area and take roughly 45 minutes uphill over loose rock, requiring sturdy footwear. Early morning or late afternoon offers more comfortable temperatures, as the black ground retains heat and shade is scarce.
Thermal activity beneath the shallow seabed warms coastal waters and creates visible gas bubbles rising through turquoise water. Small black sand beaches form from eroded volcanic ash and attract visitors experiencing the warm, mineral-enriched coastal zones.
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