Biblioteca Pietro Thouar, Public library in San Frediano, Florence, Italy.

Biblioteca Pietro Thouar is a public library in the San Frediano district that houses around 30,000 documents across several reading rooms with natural light from large windows. The collection spans both upper floor areas and rooms surrounding an open courtyard, creating varied spaces for different uses.

The library was established in 1914 and became a key cultural institution in Florence's Oltrarno neighborhood. Since its opening, it has served as an important space for learning and literary resources in the area.

The library is named after Pietro Thouar, a 19th-century educator and writer, by a municipal council resolution of 4 January 1918; before that it was called Biblioteca popolare d'Oltrarno. It opened on 6 April 1914 in Palazzo Guadagni, at the corner of Via Mazzetta and Piazza Santo Spirito, where it stayed for a hundred years. Its promoter was Orazio Bacci, then assessor for public education and later mayor of Florence.

The library occupies the former church and convent of San Salvatore a Camaldoli, the Ex-Leopoldine complex, entered at Piazza Tasso 3 in San Frediano. It is an open-shelf library, so books are taken directly from the shelves. It belongs to the 13-library Florentine municipal network and to SDIAF, the documentary system of the Florence area.

The library opened in 1914 in Palazzo Guadagni at the corner of Via Mazzetta and Piazza Santo Spirito, where it stayed for a hundred years before moving to the Ex-Leopoldine complex and reopening on 21 February 2015. Its name honours Pietro Thouar, the educator and writer, from a 1918 council resolution.