Vellone–Campo dei Fiori funicular, Funicular railway in Varese, Italy.
The Vellone–Campo dei Fiori funicular was a counterbalanced funicular with two 3,800 kg cars carrying 50 passengers plus two crew, running 907 m with a 401.95 m rise between stations at 630 m and 1,032 m. Its 49% average and 56% maximum gradient, two curves, a tunnel, viaducts and an intermediate stop near the Campo dei Fiori road shaped the route.
The line was approved in 1910 and opened on 20 April 1911, running from the Vellone valley up to a station at 1032 m beside the Grand Hotel Campo dei Fiori. Traffic peaked at 133,000 visitors on Ferragosto 1933. During the Second World War the hotel served as a hospital and the funicular carried the wounded. Service was cut to request-only in September 1953 and suppressed on 31 August, replaced by buses.
The funicular made reaching the Grand Hotel Campo dei Fiori easier, helping establish the area as a popular destination where visitors could enjoy elevated views and mountain hospitality.
The line is no longer running: service was cut to "on request" in September 1953 and suppressed on 31 August, replaced by buses. The track, its service steps and the shelters of the Vellone and Campo dei Fiori stations can still be seen on the mountainside, though in poor condition, as is the restaurant building near the upper station.
The funicular operated one of Italy's steepest routes with a grade of about 56.5 percent, making it a rare example of engineering innovation during an era when such extreme inclines were uncommon.
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