Villa of Publius Fannius Synistor, Roman villa in Boscoreale, Italy.

The Villa of Publius Fannius Synistor is a Roman villa rustica built around 50–40 BCE at the foot of Vesuvius in Boscoreale. Rooms are grouped around a peristyle, with service quarters and baths near the south entrance and a large hall (H) to the north. Its walls carried late Second Style frescoes, removed after excavation in 1899–1900 and now dispersed among museums.

The villa was built around 50–40 BCE as a Roman villa rustica at the foot of Vesuvius near Boscoreale. It was destroyed and partly preserved by the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 CE. Vincenzo de Prisco excavated it in 1899–1900, after which the frescoes were auctioned off and the excavation was backfilled.

The room beside the entrance is called the Room of the Musical Instruments because its walls showed life-size flutes, cymbals, castanets, a trumpet and a panpipe among pine branches and cones. Only the fragment with the flutes survives, now in the Louvre. The room's actual function remains uncertain.

The excavation of 1899–1900, led by Vincenzo de Prisco, removed the frescoes and the site was then backfilled, so the rooms at Boscoreale are largely stripped. The finds were auctioned and dispersed: fragments are held in the Louvre, the National Archaeological Museum in Naples, the Metropolitan Museum in New York, the Allard Pierson Museum in Amsterdam and Villa Kérylos at Beaulieu-sur-Mer. Plan on visiting several collections to see the paintings.

The walls employ trompe-l'oeil techniques that create optical illusions, making painted vases and architectural features appear to project from flat surfaces. These sophisticated painting methods reveal how Roman artists played with space and depth perception.