Estação Arqueológica de Monte Molião, Archaeological site in São Gonçalo de Lagos, Portugal.
Monte Molião is an archaeological site positioned on an oval-shaped hill along the left bank of the Bensafrim River, about 30 meters above sea level. The excavations revealed residential buildings, a fortified wall, and a large elliptical cistern roughly 4 meters deep and 7 meters long.
Excavations revealed continuous habitation spanning from the 4th century BC to the 2nd century AD. This extended period encompasses both pre-Roman and Roman settlement eras, showing how the location remained important across different civilizations.
The name derives from Arabic origins, reflecting centuries of cultural exchange in this region. Walking through the remains, you notice evidence of residential life and defensive structures that reveal how communities organized their settlements.
The site sits on a hill offering views toward the Bensafrim River and the surrounding landscape. Most artifacts are now held at the Lagos Municipal Museum and the National Archaeological Museum, so visiting these institutions will complement your understanding of the site.
The settlement's strategic position allowed it to control important maritime trade routes and access to sea, river, and land-based resources in Lagos Bay. The large cistern suggests inhabitants carefully managed their water supply, a critical concern for sustaining life on this elevated location.
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