Qazan Kremlin, Historic citadel in Kazan, Russia
Qazan Kremlin is a sprawling fortress on a hill where the Kazanka joins the Volga, with white stone walls enclosing towers, administrative buildings, and two major houses of worship. The complex spreads across several levels, connecting paved pathways with open courtyards surrounded by historic structures.
After 1552, the new rulers commissioned builders from Pskov to reconstruct the site, who erected thirteen new towers and reinforced the walls. In the 20th century, the fortress underwent restoration and received World Heritage status in 2000.
The name Kazan comes from the Tatar word for cauldron, describing the shape of the natural basin where the fortress sits. Visitors today see worshippers peacefully attending both houses of prayer while families stroll across the open squares between the historic buildings.
The site is open daily from early morning to evening, with most areas freely accessible and only individual exhibition rooms requiring entry fees. A full walk through the grounds takes about two to three hours, depending on pace and chosen stops along the way.
The Söyembikä Tower tilts about 6.5 feet (2 meters) from vertical, making it one of the leaning towers in the world. Local stories link the tower to the legendary Tatar queen Söyembikä, who ruled in the 16th century.
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