Church of Saint Barbara, Kazan, Orthodox church on Karla Marksa Street, Kazan, Russia.

The Church of Saint Barbara is an Orthodox church in Kazan's Vakhitovsky district, rebuilt in 1901–1907 to a Russian-style design by diocesan architect Fyodor Malinovsky. The new building incorporated parts of the 18th-century church, including the lower tiers of the bell tower, which was raised from 34 to 46 metres. Its varied arches, vaults and window openings produce an interior with notable acoustics.

The exact construction date is unknown; the antimension is dated 1781, and the church was built at the end of the 18th century as Kazan was rebuilt after Pugachev's devastation. Tradition holds that in 1779–80 it was converted from the country house of vice-governor Kudryavtsev, a 98-year-old killed by rebels on the cathedral steps. In 1901–07 architect Fyodor Malinovsky rebuilt it in Russian style, reusing the lower tiers of the 18th-century bell tower and raising it from 34 to 46 metres.

The church is dedicated to Saint Barbara, whose feast day on 17 December marked the first prayer service after the building was returned to the Orthodox Church in 1994. The parish preserved the old icon of Saint Barbara and the icon of the Myrrh-bearing Women from the former side chapel. The name of the church comes from this dedication.

The church was returned to the Orthodox Church in 1994, and the first prayer service was held on 17 December 1994, the feast day of Saint Barbara. Visiting is possible during regular services; to see the interior and architecture without disturbing worshippers, come outside prayer times.

The young Feodor Chaliapin sang in this church's choir before becoming one of Russia's most celebrated opera singers. Few visitors realize this internationally famous artist began his musical journey at this location.