Cidadela, cidade velha e fortificações de Derbent

The Derbent citadel is a fortress complex with stone walls stretching along the Caspian Sea coast to control an important passage route. The system consists of the main citadel, two parallel walls descending toward the sea, and defensive lines extending toward the Caucasus mountains.

A Persian ruler ordered construction of these defenses in the 6th century to protect the passage against nomadic tribes from the north. The complex was later expanded under Arab rule and remained strategically important for centuries.

The fortress contains the oldest mosque in Russia, which has served worshippers continuously for over 1300 years. Different faiths have left their mark on the buildings, showing how communities adapted to life within these walls.

Walking through the fortress is the best way to explore its different levels and sections at your own pace. Take time to navigate the narrow passages and climb the various parts to understand how the defenses were arranged.

An underground structure from the 4th century, originally built for worship, was later converted into a water storage system to supply the fortress. This transformation reveals how rulers adapted existing structures to meet new needs.

Location: Derbent

GPS coordinates: 42.06917,48.29583

Latest update: December 10, 2025 15:46