Phanom Rung historical park, Hindu temple complex in Buriram Province, Thailand
Phanom Rung is a Hindu temple complex in Buriram Province that sits atop an extinct volcano and connects to the main sanctuary through a long processional walkway. The entire site is built from pink sandstone and laterite, with intricate carvings on door frames, lintels and walls.
Construction began in the 10th century under the Khmer Empire and continued until the 13th century, with different rulers adding new buildings. The complex was originally dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva and served as a religious center for the region.
The name comes from Sanskrit and means "mountain of Rung", while local people traditionally gather here during festivals to celebrate the site's ancient roots. Many residents from nearby villages continue to treat the grounds with respect, offering flowers and incense at the entrance pavilion.
The site is located roughly 80 kilometers south of Buriram city and can be reached by car or motorcycle along paved roads. The steep ascent involves stairs and ramps, so comfortable footwear is recommended, and there are shaded rest areas along the route.
The alignment of the complex follows a precise astronomical calculation, allowing sunlight to pass through all 15 doorways on certain days in April and September. This effect demonstrates the advanced knowledge of Khmer architects about celestial movements and their ability to embed religious symbolism into structures.
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