Derinkuyu underground city
Derinkuyu underground city, Underground archaeological complex in Derinkuyu, Turkey
Derinkuyu is an underground settlement in the Nevşehir province of Turkey that reaches down 85 meters (280 feet) below the surface across multiple floors. Narrow corridors and steep staircases link the different levels, all carved entirely from soft volcanic rock.
The Phrygians began carving the first chambers in the 8th century BCE. Christian communities expanded the complex considerably during Byzantine times to shelter from Arab raids.
Chapels with stone benches and baptismal fonts show how residents continued their religious rituals below ground. Living chambers still contain millstones and rock shelves that tell of organized daily routines deep underground.
The routes through the site are low and narrow, so expect to stoop through some passages. Good shoes with grip help on the uneven steps and damp surfaces.
More than 600 hidden entrances in the courtyards of present-day houses still lead down into the underground passages. An 8-kilometer (5-mile) tunnel connects this settlement to other concealed communities in the region.
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Underground locations provide insights into geological processes and human history. Natural caves display limestone formations, stalactites, and subterranean rivers formed over thousands of years. Artificial sites include Roman catacombs, medieval cellars, and mining tunnels that document economic...
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