Penghu Columnar Basalt Nature Reserve

Penghu Columnar Basalt Nature Reserve is a protected area in Baisha Township spanning three islands and covering about 30 hectares at low tide. The islands display striking vertical formations of dark gray basalt columns rising directly from the ocean surface.

These geological structures formed about 17 million years ago when volcanic activity created conditions for rapid magma cooling and solidification. The quick cooling process resulted in the distinctive hexagonal basalt columns that characterize the archipelago today.

The reserve serves as a vital breeding ground where seabirds like Black-naped Terns and Roseate Terns nest and raise their young during summer months. From designated vantage points, you can watch how these birds inhabit and use the space.

Access to the reserve requires authorization from Penghu County authorities to protect the basalt formations and nesting birds. The best time to visit is outside the breeding season when restrictions are less stringent.

The basalt columns display varying structures, from perfectly straight vertical formations to gently curved patterns. This diversity resulted from different cooling rates in ancient lava flows across different parts of the islands.