United States Capitol, Neoclassical capitol building on Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C., United States
The Capitol features a central dome rising 288 feet (88 meters) high, flanked by north and south wings that house the Senate and House of Representatives. The exterior facade displays Corinthian columns and sandstone cladding, while inside, elaborate frescoes adorn the vaulted ceilings. The Rotunda forms the central space beneath the dome, connecting both chambers through a series of corridors and staircases.
The cornerstone was laid on September 18, 1793, by George Washington and eight Freemasons; William Thornton's design, approved that April, drew on the Louvre and the Panthéon. British troops burned the building in 1814, and it was restored within five years. Thomas Ustick Walter and August Schoenborn designed the cast-iron dome and new wings in the 1850s, completed under Edward Clark.
The National Statuary Hall Collection displays statues of notable figures, with each state contributing two representations. This collection functions as a three-dimensional history book of the nation, allowing states to honor their most important historical contributions. The building itself operates as both a working legislative space and a public monument, where laws affecting millions of people are debated every day.
Visitors can access free guided tours through the underground Visitor Center on the east side, including views of the Rotunda and Statuary Hall. Tours must be reserved online in advance, especially during peak seasons in spring and fall. The nearest Metro station is Capitol South on the Orange, Blue, and Silver lines. Security screening requires extra time at entry, and large bags are prohibited.
The Capitol Metro System, established in 1909, maintains three underground rail lines connecting the main building to House and Senate office structures. These electric trains allow legislators to commute between offices and voting chambers within minutes. The system transports thousands of trips annually and remains a practical solution for navigating the sprawling Capitol complex, though it is not accessible to the public.
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