Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge

The Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge covers a vast river valley with steep wooded bluffs and flat water areas alongside the main channel. The terrain includes forests, marshes, and lakes spread across multiple states along the river corridor.

The refuge was established in 1924 to protect migratory bird species and their habitats when wetland destruction was a major threat. Dams and locks were built later to control water levels and create more habitat for wildlife.

The refuge provides essential stopover grounds for migrating birds traveling between northern and southern regions each season. Visitors often see large flocks of ducks and geese gathering on the water, especially during fall and spring movements.

Visitors can fish, hunt, hike, or boat throughout the refuge, though options vary by season and specific areas. It helps to check ahead about which activities are allowed during your visit and which sections open for different purposes.

The refuge was established in 1924 specifically to protect migratory birds rather than for general wildlife conservation, setting its original mission apart. This focus on traveling species still shapes how it is managed today and draws birdwatchers from around the world.

Location: Wisconsin

Location: Illinois

Location: Iowa

Location: Minnesota

Website: https://fws.gov/refuge/upper_mississippi_river

GPS coordinates: 42.88330,-91.10000

Latest update: December 8, 2025 20:01