Agro-Silvo-Pastoral System of the León Mountains, Agricultural heritage system in León Province, Spain
The Agro-Silvo-Pastoral System of the León Mountains is an agricultural model that combines farming, forestry, and grazing activities across multiple elevation zones within the region. Different areas are managed seasonally by farmers and shepherds who adapt their practices to the land's characteristics and yearly weather cycles.
This pastoral system originated more than two thousand years ago and has continuously adapted to shifting environmental conditions and social changes throughout the centuries. The persistence of these practices demonstrates the resilience of this land management approach in the mountain region.
Shepherds in the León mountains follow age-old routes between valley pastures and higher elevations, moving their animals with the seasons in ways that have shaped local identity. This rhythmic movement remains central to how communities understand and use the landscape today.
The best time to visit is during warmer months when herds move to higher elevations and the landscape is most active with agricultural activity. Sturdy footwear and reasonable fitness help, as the terrain is uneven and some paths are steep.
Trees are deliberately woven into grazing areas to enhance soil quality for animals while maintaining forest coverage and supporting wildlife. This mixing of woodland and pasture creates resources that would not exist in purely open grazing lands.
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