Fortress of the Holy Cross

Fortress of the Holy Cross is a defensive structure built between the Terek and Sulak rivers on the western coast of the Caspian Sea in the Dagestan region. The fortification uses its location between these waterways to control the surrounding territory and protect the settlement within its walls.

The fortress was ordered by Peter the Great in 1722 as he campaigned to expand imperial control over the region and secure its southern borders. Construction marked a key moment in the empire's push into the Caucasus and territories beyond.

The fortress became a meeting point for different groups who settled there together, with Terek Cossacks establishing a permanent community after moving from their former location. Visitors can sense how people from various backgrounds shared this space and created a shared life.

The location sits remote near river banks in hilly terrain, so wear sturdy shoes and bring plenty of water when visiting. Plan your visit during warmer months, as winters here are long and cold, which can make access difficult.

The name comes from Greek words meaning Cross City, a name given by Nogai nomads who traveled through the area. This word Stavropol was used by people moving across the region long before the fortress became known by this official title.