McGowan's Pass, Historical pass in Central Park, Manhattan, US
McGowan's Pass is a mountain pass through Central Park where the East Drive and 107th Street intersect, defined by steep rock outcrops and a winding path climbing through the landscape. The terrain features significant elevation changes shaped by rocky formations and dense vegetation that create a natural corridor through the park.
The pass served as a strategic military position in 1776 during the Revolutionary War and was later reinforced with fortifications during the War of 1812. Both conflicts used this high ground to control movement through the Manhattan landscape.
The pass contains remains of Kingsbridge Road, which evolved from the Native American Wickquasgeck Trail into a colonial transportation route that shaped the region's early movement patterns. Visitors walking here follow the same high ground that Indigenous peoples and later colonists used to cross the landscape.
The steep inclines and switchback paths make this section a popular training spot for runners and cyclists preparing for competitions. The varying terrain and elevation changes demand good footing and adjusted pacing when moving through the pass.
Archaeological excavations in 2013 revealed the foundation of an ancient gatehouse and preserved sections of Kingsbridge Road beneath the surface. These underground remains show how the historical route was buried beneath the modern park landscape.
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