Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge

Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge is a protected area in South Dakota that combines wetlands, lakes, and grassland stretching along the James River. The varied habitats support numerous bird species, mammals, and other wildlife throughout the year.

The refuge was established in 1935 to protect wildlife after extensive habitat loss had occurred in the early 1900s. The creation followed growing concerns about declining animal populations and the need for protected lands.

Native Americans, fur traders, and early explorers such as John C. Fremont and Joseph N. Nicollet utilized these wetlands for hunting and gathering.

The refuge can be reached via Highway 281 north to Highway 10 east, with the main entrance located northeast of Aberdeen. Visiting during breeding season or migration periods offers the best chances to see wildlife.

The refuge hosts the world's largest breeding colony of Franklin's gulls and attracts up to 1.2 million snow geese during spring migration. These massive gatherings make it an exceptional location for bird watching.

Location: Greenfield Township

Address: 39650 Sand Lake Dr, Columbia, SD 57433, USA

Opening Hours: Monday-Friday 08:00-17:00

Phone: +16055468157

Website: http://fws.gov/refuge/sand_lake

GPS coordinates: 45.77775,-98.23808

Latest update: December 6, 2025 19:06