Fort of Santiago, Portuguese colonial fortress in Centro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
The Fort of Santiago is a stone fortress in Rio's center built to watch over Guanabara Bay. It features thick walls and bastions typical of early colonial military design.
Portuguese authorities built the fort in 1555 to protect Rio from French and Dutch attacks. Over the centuries, it was rebuilt and adapted while keeping its role defending the harbor.
The fort takes its name from Saint James and reveals how the Portuguese established their control over the city through military architecture. Inside, visitors find weapons, documents, and equipment that reflect the daily reality of garrison life.
The site opens daily and visitors can explore the cannons, ramparts, and exhibition rooms with or without a guide. It is easy to reach and sits near other historical sights.
The original stone walls date from the 16th century and remain intact, making it one of Rio's oldest buildings. Modern exhibition space was added inside without destroying the historic structure.
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