Parish Church of Our Lady of the Rosary, Catholic parish church in Pirenópolis, Brazil

The Parish Church of Our Lady of the Rosary is a colonial church in Pirenópolis built from 1728 with rammed-earth walls, stone foundations and adobe in the upper tower walls, reinforced at the front by an aroeira timber cage. Its white facade has a taller central section with a triangular pediment and thin cross, flanked by two lower tower wings, and three arched windows with blue glazing.

The church was established in 1728 and served as a center for religious services during the early decades of Portuguese colonial rule in the region. The building became a focal point for the spiritual life of the growing local community.

The five altars are carved in wood with gold leaf, the work of 19th-century Meiaponte craftsmen; the main altar, built in 1761, has a central throne with the image of Our Lady of the Rosary and side niches holding Saint Vincent de Paul and Saint Joseph. The ceiling of the chancel and the vault of the throne were painted in 1863–1864 by Inácio Pereira Leal and Antônio da Costa Nascimento, helped by the young Francisco Herculano de Pina. The image of the patroness reached the town in 1727.

The church faces Praça da Matriz in the centre of Pirenópolis, a short walk from the Rio das Almas. The facade is best seen in the morning, when sunlight falls on it by design. The building is a national heritage asset, so expect restoration works from time to time.

The facade was built so that sunlight falls on it at any hour of the day. The east tower was added in 1763; until then only the bell tower existed. The English botanist William John Burchell recorded the church in 1823 with towers taller than today's.