Church of the Third Order of Our Lady of the Rosary of the Black People, Roman Catholic church in Pelourinho district, Salvador, Brazil.

The Church of the Third Order of Our Lady of the Rosary of the Black People has a two-storey central facade crowned by a volute gable and flanked by bell towers finished with superimposed bulbous tiles. Five doors open at street level, the central one broader and framed by a frontispiece, with five windows above. The nave has lateral corridors, and the interior walls are lined with Portuguese blue-and-white tiles of about 1790.

The Brotherhood of Our Lady of the Rosary of Salvador, formed in 1685, raised funds and received permission from Archbishop Sebastião Monteiro de Vide in 1704 to build its own church at the Portas do Carmo. Construction, carried out by members in their free hours, lasted nearly a century. The nave was built first; the elaborate facade and towers were added from 1780 under master builder Caetano José da Costa. The brotherhood became a Third Order in 1899.

The liturgy uses music inspired by Candomblé terreiros, an example of Bahian syncretism; on the Terça da Bênção, Candomblé instruments accompany the Mass. The feast days of Santa Bárbara and Iansã make the church the centre of celebrations. The brotherhood petitioned Lisbon in 1786 to allow Mass with masks, dances in the Angolan language, instruments and songs, but was refused.

The church is located in the historic Pelourinho district, which is compact and walkable with many attractions nearby. You can view the exterior and plaza at any time, though entering the interior depends on service hours.

The blue-and-white tiles inside, dated around 1790, show the devotion to Our Lady of the Rosary of Lisbon and the life of Saint Dominic; they are attributed to the Real Fábrica do Rato in Portugal. Behind the church lies an old slave cemetery, rarely noticed by visitors.