Ibo fortresses

Ibo fortresses are a group of defensive structures that Portugal built along Mozambique's coast, including Fort São João Baptista, Fort São José, and Fort Santo António. They formed a defensive network with barracks, storage buildings, and artillery positions to control the region.

The fortresses were built between 1789 and 1795 when Portugal wanted to strengthen its control in the region. They protected against pirates from Madagascar and rival European colonial powers, showing their military importance for controlling the East African coast.

The architecture shows Portuguese military styles mixed with local building techniques from the colonial period in East Africa. You can see this blend today in the stone walls and the layout of the structures.

Access is usually through Ibo Island, where the structures are spread out and can be explored on foot. It is wise to bring comfortable shoes and water, as the paths are exposed to the sun and weather.

Fort São João Baptista has an unusual star-shaped polygonal design that sets it apart from typical rectangular fortifications. This special construction method was an advanced defensive technique that allowed all approach directions to be monitored effectively.