Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, National park with volcanic landscape in East Java, Indonesia.

Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park is a protected area in East Java, Indonesia, that encompasses active volcanoes and a wide sand plain. The landscape extends across several elevation zones with grassland, cloud forest, and bare volcanic slopes.

The Tengger Sand Sea was placed under protection in 1919. On 14 October 1982 the World National Parks Congress in Denpasar confirmed the area as a national park, and the Indonesian government officially designated it on 12 November 1992. The park combined former nature reserves, tourist parks, production forests and protected forests.

The Tengger community performs rituals at the crater edge, throwing offerings into the volcano. These ceremonies follow the Javanese lunar calendar and draw pilgrims from across the region.

Most visitors travel in the early morning hours to watch the sunrise, so warm clothing is necessary. The paths lead through sandy and sometimes sulfurous terrain, so sturdy footwear is essential.

The sand plain, Laut Pasir Tengger, has been protected since 1919, before the national park existed. It is the only conservation area in Indonesia with a sand sea, formed by volcanic sedimentation from Mount Bromo. Across it rise four newer cones inside the older Tengger caldera.