Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, National park with volcanic landscape in East Java, Indonesia.
Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park is a protected area in East Java, Indonesia, that encompasses active volcanoes and a wide sand plain. The landscape extends across several elevation zones with grassland, cloud forest, and bare volcanic slopes.
The region received its first conservation measures during Dutch colonial rule in the early 20th century. Official designation as a national park followed several decades after Indonesian independence.
The Tengger community performs rituals at the crater edge, throwing offerings into the volcano. These ceremonies follow the Javanese lunar calendar and draw pilgrims from across the region.
Most visitors travel in the early morning hours to watch the sunrise, so warm clothing is necessary. The paths lead through sandy and sometimes sulfurous terrain, so sturdy footwear is essential.
The sand plain sits at an elevation where mountain forests would normally grow, but volcanic activity prevents any vegetation. Visitors can hear the sound of eruptions from Semeru, which emits ash roughly every 20 minutes.
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