Koko Crater, Volcanic tuff cone in Hawaii Kai, United States
Koko Crater is an extinct tuff cone rising 368 m (1,208 ft) with a diameter of about 900 m, the tallest and best-preserved tuff cone in the area. Its tuff falls into layers: the top roughly 25 m holds medium- to coarse-grained tuff with 1–5 cm lapilli, while the lower layer consists of coarse to massive lapilli with embedded volcanic bombs and blocks. A 24-hectare botanical garden fills the crater floor.
The crater formed approximately 7,000 years ago during the most recent volcanic activity on Oahu. During World War II, the United States military constructed bunkers and a railroad track to the summit, which remained in place until 1966.
The Hawaiian name Kohelepelepe is rooted in mythology about Pele, the volcano goddess, and her encounter with Kamapuaa. This story remains part of local identity and connects visitors to the island's spiritual traditions.
The trail follows former railroad tracks on a steep climb with approximately 1,048 steps, typically taking 30 to 45 minutes to reach the top. Visitors should wear sturdy footwear, bring water, and start early to avoid afternoon heat.
The crater's Hawaiian name, Kohelepelepe, refers to the labia minora of Kapo, Pele's sister, who in legend threw that part of her body toward Oʻahu to lure the pig-headed Kamapuaʻa away; the deep imprint it left is said to be Koko Crater. The name is often rendered as "vagina labia minor" in English sources.
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