Roswell Museum and Art Center, Art and history museum in Roswell, United States

The Roswell Museum and Art Center occupies a complex in Roswell, New Mexico, with galleries for its historical and visual art collections, a wing added in 1959 for Robert H. Goddard's liquid-fuel rocket research, and the Rogers Aston Gallery of American Indian and Western Art opened in 1980. A planetarium and an art education center are also part of the site.

Founded in 1936 with funding from New Mexico's Works Progress Administration under manager Lea Rowland, the museum opened on December 10, 1937, to store Southeastern New Mexican items for the local historical and archaeological society and serve as a community center. The City of Roswell took control after the WPA was restructured in 1941. Directors included Vernon Hunter (1952–1955), David Gebhard (1955–1961) and Joseph M. Stuart (1961–1964); the museum has been accredited by the American Alliance of Museums since 1978.

The museum's name honours rocket pioneer Robert H. Goddard, whose liquid-fuel research was given to the collection by his widow Esther in 1959. A donor programme added works by Georgia O'Keeffe, Marsden Hartley, Stuart Davis and John Marin. The Rogers Aston Gallery, opened in 1980, holds Western art and American Indian artefacts donated by Rogers and Mary Ellen Aston.

The museum occupies a single complex in Roswell, with the Goddard wing added in 1959 and the Rogers Aston Gallery opened in 1980; Goddard's rocket tower stands in the courtyard between the buildings. The Patricia Lubben Bassett Art Education Center, opened in 1998, holds two classrooms, a ceramics studio and a research library. The Goddard Planetarium, built in 1968 with the Roswell Independent School District, runs Digistar 6 full-dome programs.

The museum complex contains a reconstruction of the laboratory of a famous rocket scientist with original tools and notes. This exhibit shows the early days of modern rocket engineering in unusually detailed fashion.