Lombard Street, Brick-paved switchback street in Russian Hill, San Francisco, US

Lombard Street is a one-way downhill block in Russian Hill with eight hairpin turns, paved with 19,000 red bricks in a herringbone pattern. It drops 33 metres over 145 metres, bordered by low hedges and beds of pink, red, white and blue flowers.

Insurance broker Carl Henry, who owned half the block between Hyde and Leavenworth streets, first suggested the switchback design. In 1922 city engineer Clyde Healy presented plans that reduced the natural 27 percent grade to 18.18 percent, and the street was rebuilt that same year with eight curves and 19,000 red bricks.

Photographers from around the world gather at the top and bottom of the street to capture the winding curves. Local homeowners maintain the flower gardens along the switchbacks, which bloom in different colors throughout the year and contribute to the visual identity of the city.

Visitors can explore the site on foot from the top or drive slowly through the curves while enjoying views of the bay. The best time to visit is early morning or weekdays when fewer cars and pedestrians are present.

The street permits only downhill one-way traffic, so drivers must reach the top via a neighboring street. Pedestrians use staircases on either side that offer views of vehicles winding through the tight turns.