American Bottom

American Bottom is a floodplain in Southern Illinois stretching from Alton to the Kaskaskia River. The area features fertile alluvial soils and natural water drainage patterns shaped by the Mississippi River.

Indigenous peoples settled this region starting around 600 CE and developed the Cahokia Mounds civilization with substantial earthen structures. Later French colonial settlements gave way to American communities as the territory changed hands.

Brooklyn was established in 1839 and became an early community that welcomed African American residents. The settlement reflects the diversity that developed across this region over many generations.

Levee systems and drainage canals protect the region from Mississippi River flooding throughout the year. Visitors should be aware of seasonal water levels, especially during spring snowmelt and heavy rains.

This region produces a substantial share of the nation's horseradish crop due to its distinctive soil composition. This specialized agriculture has shaped the local economy and farming practices for generations.