Buffalo National Park, Historical national park in east central Alberta, Canada

Buffalo National Park was a protected grassland area in central Alberta near the town of Wainwright that covered extensive natural prairie. The site functioned primarily as a reserve for managing and breeding bison herds across its open grazing lands.

The park was created on June 5, 1909, near Wainwright, after the government bought over 700 plains bison from Montana's Flathead Reservation; the herd arrived by train, with some held at Lamont until fencing was ready. Bud Cotton served as first Park Warden from 1912 to 1940. Closed in 1940, the land was delisted in 1947 and transferred to the Department of National Defence for Canadian Forces Base Wainwright.

The first Park Warden, Bud Cotton, managed the park from 1912 to 1940, leading conservation efforts that resulted in the growth of bison herds.

The site is no longer open to the public since it became a military installation in 1947. Visitors interested in its history can explore documentation and nearby museums that cover its conservation legacy.

Between 1925 and 1928 alone, about 6,000 to 7,000 surplus bison were shipped from the park to Wood Buffalo National Park. Earlier culls in the late 1910s drew public outcry, so the annual round-ups continued until 1939 but increasingly sent animals to other parks and zoos instead of the slaughterhouse.