Gulf of Maine, Marine sanctuary between Cape Cod, Massachusetts and Nova Scotia, North Atlantic Ocean.
The Gulf of Maine is a marine region between Cape Cod and Nova Scotia with deep basins and shallow banks that create varied habitats. About 60 river systems flow into it, and strong tides constantly mix the water, supporting diverse ecosystems and marine life.
This marine region was shared by both nations for centuries without clear boundaries until an international court assigned fishing rights in the 1970s. That decision divided the shared zone and reshaped how the gulf has been managed since then.
Fishing communities along these coasts have deep roots in maritime work that continues to shape daily life and local identity. Today, people cultivate salmon, oysters, and mussels rather than relying on wild cod stocks as before.
This region supports more than 3000 marine species that are important for fishing and local economies. Visitors should know that tides here are powerful and water conditions vary greatly depending on the season.
Water temperatures here are rising faster than in any other ocean region worldwide, changing habitats and species distribution. This shift is particularly affecting kelp forests and pushing fish populations toward different areas.
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