Sta. Maria Immaculata catholic church, Catholic parish church in Biel/Bienne, Switzerland
Sta. Maria Immaculata is a Catholic parish church on Juravorstadt in Biel/Bienne. Its exterior takes neo-Gothic forms, while the interior is one of the few Swiss church buildings in the Expressionist style. The building consists of an upper church built by Adolf Gaudy in 1927–1929, set on top of the older church of 1867–1870 by Wilhelm Keller, which now serves as the crypt. The upper church has 1000 seats and is divided into several volumes so that it does not appear oversized from the street.
The first church on the site was built by Wilhelm Keller from 1867 to 1870 and consecrated on 11 September 1870. Because of its poor condition it was not extended but converted into the crypt of a new church, which Adolf Gaudy placed on top of it; construction began in 1926, part of the old church was demolished in 1927, and the new building was consecrated on 7 April 1929. The parish itself grew out of a community that had held its first Mass since the Reformation in Biel in an apartment at Kanalgasse 28 on Christmas Day 1858.
The parish is bilingual, like Biel itself, and its territory runs from Zentralplatz west toward Seevorstadt and east to the end of Solothurnstrasse. The church's name refers to Mary's Immaculate Conception, and the building is listed as Swiss cultural property KGS no. 773.
The church stands on Juravorstadt, set back from the street and raised above the old crypt, so the tower is not visible from the road; approach from the hillside side. The upper church holds 1000 seats, and the altar area in the main nave dates from the 1978–1979 reordering by Gianpeter Gaudy.
The upper church sits on top of the older church, which was converted into its crypt; the new building was placed over the old one to save costs and rises up the slope out of sight from the street. The tower received its clock and a six-bell peal from H. Rüetschi of Aarau in 1947, tuned B°–des'–es'–f'–as'–b'.
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