Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom, Archaeological site and royal tombs in Jilin Province, China.
The Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom covers three fortress-cities and forty tombs in Ji'an, Jilin, and Huanren, Liaoning. Wunü Mountain City is only partly excavated; Gungnae lies within modern Ji'an; Hwando holds a large palace and many tombs. The tombs include stone or earth tumuli, some with flat ceilings spanning wide spaces without columns.
Goguryeo was founded in 37 BCE by Jumong at Wunü Mountain City; the capital moved to Hwando in 3 CE, then to the plain city of Gungnae, and in 427 to Pyongyang. The kingdom fell in 668 to a Tang–Silla alliance. The listed property covers three capitals, 14 royal tombs and 26 noble tombs, inscribed by UNESCO in 2004.
The tomb paintings show dragons, tigers and battle scenes, and also bear strong influence from several cultures, as UNESCO's citation notes. Among the 40 tombs are named ones such as the Gakjeochong (Wrestling Tomb), Muyongchong (Dance Tomb) and the Five Helmets Tombs, whose painted chambers visitors enter today.
The site sits on hilly terrain with varying slope gradients, so visitors should come prepared with good walking endurance and proper footwear. Exploring the main areas takes several hours and is best done with a local guide.
Among the 40 tombs inscribed in 2004 are the Tomb of the General and Tomb 1, its satellite burial. The General's Tomb is a stepped stone pyramid of large rectangular blocks, and a smooth stone slab stands at its base. Some chambers were roofed with corbelled ceilings that spanned wide spaces without columns.
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