Schloss Liebenau, Renaissance castle in Meckenbeuren, Germany

Schloss Liebenau is a Renaissance castle in Meckenbeuren featuring a three-story residential tower as its core with extensions on both sides. A round tower marks the northern section and contributes to the building's distinctive profile.

The present castle stands on the ruin of a 13th-century motte-and-bailey tower built by Albrecht von Summerau-Liebenau; its square residential tower measured about 8.5 metres by 14 metres high. In 1581 the Counts of Montfort gave the decayed castle to the Augsburg jurist Mathes Layman, who at once built a Renaissance palace around the old tower. A chapel wing was added on the east side of the courtyard in 1624, with the northeast corner tower incorporated as its church tower.

The chapel wing was added to the east side of the courtyard in 1624, and the tower at the northeast corner was incorporated into it as a church tower. The building later served as a Heil- und Pflegeanstalt from 1870, so religious use and care stood side by side.

The castle remains the property of the Stiftung Liebenau, the social foundation founded on the site in 1870. Its courtyard was built over in 1905, and the west annex was demolished in 1978–79 and replaced by a stair tower, so the present layout differs from the original four-wing plan. The complex is in active institutional use; visitors should expect access to be restricted to certain areas.

In 1940 the Ilag V Liebenau internment camp was set up in the castle and four neighbouring buildings. To free space, 510 patients of the care institution were bused to the Grafeneck killing centre and murdered there. The first internees were 300 British nationals from Poland; from 1941 more Britons arrived from Belgium, Greece and the Netherlands.