Dipylon, Ancient monumental gate in Kerameikos, Greece
Dipylon is an ancient monumental gate in Athens with two double doors and four corner towers made of limestone built for defensive purposes. The structure separated the city from the countryside and was designed so guards could spot approaching enemies from a distance and defend against attacks.
The gate was built in 478 BC during Themistocles' fortification project and underwent major reconstruction between 307 and 304 BC using limestone blocks. This renovation strengthened its defensive role against repeated sieges throughout the city's history.
The gate served as the starting point for the Great Panathenaea procession and connected the city to the Kerameikos cemetery where important Athenians were laid to rest. This dual role made it a sacred place where religious celebrations and funeral rites converged.
The gate is located within the Kerameikos site, which is easy to explore and shows several ancient structures across one connected area. Visitors should wear comfortable shoes and be prepared for uneven ancient terrain.
Ancient visitors carved hundreds of names and inscriptions on the gate walls, a practice that was later documented by the writer Lucian in the second century. These personal markings give visitors today an unexpected look into daily life and how people experienced the ancient site.
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