Fort of Justices, Military fortification in Montrapon district, Besançon, France
Fort of Justices, officially Fort Pajol, was a 19th-century fortification in Montrapon, Besançon. Its main front measured 350 metres long and its side fronts 120 metres, with eleven casemates built under the cavalier from 1872 and three powder magazines. Most of the fort was demolished in the mid-1980s; only modernised casemates remain within the Capitaine Alain Girard gendarmerie barracks.
It was built between 1872 and 1874 to protect the route to Vesoul and reinforce Besançon's northwestern defenses. Its construction came after a major conflict that prompted France to upgrade its border fortifications.
The fort reflects how France built its defenses in the 1800s using a specific military design system. This approach shaped how the region was protected and is still visible in its construction today.
The site is occupied by the Franche-Comté regional headquarters of the National Gendarmerie, and visiting is strictly forbidden. The remaining casemates were kept but heavily modernised; the rest of the fort was razed in the mid-1980s and replaced by about a hundred service dwellings of the Capitaine Alain Girard barracks in the ZAC des Justices. The open wooden gate and the low wall with small openings are all that can be seen from outside.
The fort's official name, Fort Pajol, honoured Besançon-born general Pierre Claude Pajol, but the site is known as Fort des Justices. Military planners chose this spot between 1872 and 1874 over the Graviers Blancs position, which stood 40 metres higher and 1,250 metres farther from the city, a decision the sources call surprising.
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