El-Bouraj, archaeological site in Israel
El-Bouraj is an archaeological site in Israel near the route connecting Netanya to Tulkarem, located just south of the village of Bourgata. The ruins contain remains of ancient buildings and pottery shards showing multiple settlement periods, plus the remains of a Crusader fortress called The Red Tower with a partially preserved southern wall about 15 meters high.
The site was continuously inhabited from ancient Israelite times in the 11th to 6th century BC through the Roman period until the 7th century AD. The Crusader fortress was built at an unknown date and remained under Knights Templar control until 1189, followed by a religious community before the Hospitallers took over in 1248.
Local Arabs call the site Burg al-Ahmar, the Red Tower, after the reddish hamra soil or the colour of its stones; Crusader sources used Turris Rubea and Tourre Rouge. The 1880 PEF map labels it Khirbat Burj al-Atut, which Edward Henry Palmer translated as "the overthrown tower". The name Burgata itself derives from the Greek pyrgos, a tower or roadside hostel.
The ruins stand beside the road from Netanya to Tulkarem, just south of Moshav Burgata, with eucalyptus trees planted around them. Access is by private vehicle; the ground is uneven and there are no visitor facilities. The surviving south wall is about 15 m high and 2 m thick, with a single loophole in its upper part.
The Jerusalem Talmud (Avodah Zarah 33b) calls the place Barkata and discusses whether its wine was fit for Jews, since the village of tower-winemakers stood close to the Samaritan settlement of Birat Sorika. The name Burgata itself comes from the Greek pyrgos, a tower or roadside inn.
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