Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests, Protected forest ecoregion along Caspian Sea, Iran.
The Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests span 55,000 square kilometers between the Caspian Sea and Elburz Mountains, containing 296 bird and 98 mammal species.
Following Pleistocene glaciations, these forests served as refuges for numerous plant species that subsequently spread throughout Europe, shaping modern European forest compositions.
The region earned the name 'Wolf's Land' due to its large population of wolves living alongside Persian leopards, brown bears, and golden jackals.
The forests maintain fifty percent operational management plans, while only two percent receives protection under designated conservation areas across the territory.
Persian leopards inhabit Golestan National Park within these forests, sustaining themselves on local populations of wild pigs, roe deer, and red deer.
Location: North Khorasan Province
Location: Golestan Province
Location: Mazandaran Province
Location: Gilan Province
Location: Ardabil Province
Part of: Palearctic realm
GPS coordinates: 37.42147,55.72428
Latest update: May 29, 2025 17:37
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