Sabalan

Mount Sabalan is an inactive stratovolcano in Ardabil Province that rises to 4,811 meters with three distinct peaks named Sultan, Heram, and Kasra. A permanent crater lake sits at the summit, surrounded by the volcanic structure that defines the mountain's landscape.

This mountain's volcanic formation started during the Eocene period and continued through the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs with major eruptions. These geological processes shaped the mountain we see today with its distinctive peaks and crater features.

Local people view this mountain as a sacred place linked to ancient Zoroastrian traditions, with old texts naming it as a location where Zoroaster taught. This spiritual connection shapes how visitors and residents experience the slopes today.

The northeastern climbing route starting from Shabil Spa offers the most accessible path, with guided expeditions available from June through September. Summer months provide the best conditions for a visit when weather is more stable and snow coverage is minimal.

Seven glaciers survive near the peak above 4,000 meters, preserving ice in a region where you would not expect it. Meanwhile, numerous hot springs emerge from the lower slopes year-round, creating a stark contrast between frozen heights and geothermal warmth.