Castiglione d'Orcia, Italian comune
Castiglione d'Orcia is a small commune in the province of Siena in Tuscany, situated on a rocky hill with narrow stone streets and old buildings. The settlement spreads along steep pathways and displays a typical medieval structure with interlocked houses and squares that follow the terrain.
The settlement was first mentioned over 1000 years ago and was originally ruled by the Aldobrandeschi family. In the Middle Ages it became a free town but soon lost independence, becoming frequently disputed between the Republic of Siena and other powers.
The name derives from the Latin word for fortress, reflecting the fortified settlement that shaped the area. Piazza il Vecchietta in the town center honors the painter Lorenzo di Pietro, whose connection to the place shows the region's artistic legacy.
The town sits on elevated terrain and is best explored on foot, with steep and stony paths throughout. Wear comfortable shoes and bring plenty of water in warm weather to make walking through the narrow streets more enjoyable.
In 1207 the Charta Libertatis was issued here, one of the first documents of its kind in Europe focused on people's rights. This document made the place an early example of freedom and self-determination in the medieval world.
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