Athenaeum, Ancient Roman educational center near Capitoline Hill, Rome, Italy.
The Athenaeum features three substantial halls with 13-meter-high arched ceilings and terraced marble seating arrangements for Roman nobility gatherings.
Emperor Hadrian established this educational institution in 123 AD to advance literary and scientific studies, naming it after Athens, the intellectual center.
The institution employed three orators, ten grammarians, five sophists, one philosopher, and two lawyers who delivered regular lectures to students.
The archaeological site lies 5.5 meters underground in Piazza della Madonna di Loreto, near the Piazza Venezia metro station construction area.
Following an earthquake in 848 AD, the structure transformed into a Byzantine coin mint, and later its halls served as a hospital cellar.
Location: Rome
Part of: Regio VII Via Lata, archaeological park of Colosseum
Address: Piazza della Madonna di Loreto, 00187 Roma RM 00187 00187
Phone: +390669984469
Email: pa-colosseo@cultura.gov.it
Website: https://colosseo.it/area/auditoria-di-adriano
GPS coordinates: 41.89573,12.48270
Latest update: May 11, 2025 16:09
European historic libraries and bookshops preserve written heritage accumulated over centuries. From Livraria Bertrand in Lisbon, founded in 1732 and still operating at the same location, to the Bodleian Library in Oxford, which has housed over 13 million works since 1602, these sites reflect the evolution and dissemination of books. Livraria Lello in Porto is notable for its curved wooden staircase and neo-Gothic woodwork from 1906, while Dominicanen Bookshop in Maastricht is housed in a converted 13th-century church. These spaces are distinguished by their architecture, from baroque to neo-Gothic, and by their function preserved across centuries. The Celsus Library in Izmir, built in 135 AD, used double walls to protect its 12,000 parchments from humidity. Hatchards in London has been operating since 1797 over five floors in Piccadilly, whereas Shakespeare and Company in Paris has maintained its English-language tradition since 1951 opposite Notre-Dame. These institutions offer visitors the chance to explore places where the history of the book is engraved in stone and wood.
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